Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer occurs in the testicles (testes), which are located inside the scrotum and produce testosterone and sperm for reproduction. It is the most common cancer in males between the ages of 15 and 35, although it is rare. Testicular cancer is highly treatable, a modern success story in oncology. Depending on the type and stage of testicular cancer, you may receive surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, surveillance, or a combination.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include:

A lump or enlargement in either testicle
A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
A dull ache in the abdomen or groin
A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum
Pain or discomfort
Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts
Back pain

Risk factors

Factors that may increase your risk of testicular cancer include:

An undescended testicle (cryptorchidism). Men who have a testicle that never descended, even if it has been surgically corrected are at risk
Abnormal testicle development. Conditions that cause testicles to develop abnormally may increase your risk of testicular cancer.
Family history.
Age. Testicular cancer affects men between the ages 15 and 35 most often, however, it can occur at any age.
Race. Testicular cancer is more common in caucasian men compared to black men.

Cause

It’s not clear what causes testicular cancer in most cases. Most cancers begin in the germ cells — the cells in the testicles that produce immature sperm. What causes germ cells to become abnormal and develop into cancer isn’t known.

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