Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction occurs in the upper urinary. Most often, it is blocked at the renal pelvis. This is where the kidney attaches to one of the ureters (the tubes that carry urine to the bladder). The blockage slows or stops the flow of urine out of the kidney. Urine can then build up and damage the kidney. Sometimes, surgery is needed to improve the flow of urine and other times the problem will improve on its own. When surgery is required, a minimally invasive reconstruction is considered to be the gold standard, although other modalities are available as well. The minimally invasive approach is called a laparoscopic pyeloplasty. The treatment always needs to be tailored to the patients’ needs, surgical fitness, expectations and anatomy.